.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -1 +1 @@
-custom: ['https://spi-inc.org/projects/systemd/']
+custom: ['https://spi-inc.org/projects/systemd/', 'https://www.paypal.com/donate/?token=fBGzXDOyIGobZH3oEhYQlYlA61OMRXVnF9XXQqNNehRs-nliAU5XxozIh9z-hlmE-xXC-m']

NEWS

@@ -1,28 +1,31 @@
 systemd System and Service Manager
 
-CHANGES WITH 245:
+CHANGES WITH 245 in spe:
 
         * A new tool "systemd-repart" has been added, that operates as an
-          idempotent declarative repartitioner for GPT partition tables.
+          idempotent, robust, incremental, elastic and declarative
-          Specifically, a set of partitions that must or may exist can be
+          repartitioner. It takes inspiration from
-          configured via drop-in files, and during every boot the partition
+          systemd-tmpfiles/systemd-sysusers but applies the algorithmic
-          table on disk is compared with these files, creating missing
+          concepts to GPT partition tables. Specifically, a set of partitions
-          partitions or growing existing ones based on configurable relative
+          that must or may exist can be configured via drop-in files, and
-          and absolute size constraints. The tool is strictly incremental,
+          during every boot the partition table on disk is compared with these
-          i.e. does not delete, shrink or move partitions, but only adds and
+          files, creating missing partitions or growing existing ones based on
-          grows them. The primary use-case is OS images that ship in minimized
+          configurable relative and absolute size constraints. The tool is
-          form, that on first boot are grown to the size of the underlying
+          strictly incremental, i.e. does not delete, shrink or move
-          block device or augmented with additional partitions. For example,
+          partitions, but only adds and grows them. The primary use-case is OS
-          the root partition could be extended to cover the whole disk, or a
+          images that shall ship in minimized form, with only a minimal boot
-          swap or /home partitions could be added on first boot. It can also be
+          and root partition, that on first boot is grown to the size of the
-          used for systems that use an A/B update scheme but ship images with
+          underlying block device or augmented with additional partitions. For
-          just the A partition, with B added on first boot. The tool is
+          example, the root partition could be extended to cover the whole
-          primarily intended to be run in the initrd, shortly before
+          disk, or a swap or /home partitions could be added implicitly on
-          transitioning into the host OS, but can also be run after the
+          first boot. It also has uses on systems that use an A/B update scheme
-          transition took place. It automatically discovers the disk backing
+          to allow shipping minimal images with just the A set of partition,
-          the root file system, and should hence not require any additional
+          and with the B set added on first boot. The tool is primarily
-          configuration besides the partition definition drop-ins. If no
+          intended to be run in the initrd, shortly before transitioning into
-          configuration drop-ins are present, no action is taken.
+          the host OS, but also can be run after the transition took place. It
+          automatically discovers the disk backing the root file system, and
+          should hence not require any additional configuration besides the
+          partition definition drop-ins.
 
         * A new component "userdb" has been added, along with a small daemon
           "systemd-userdb.service" and a client tool "userdbctl". The framework
@@ -40,21 +43,22 @@ CHANGES WITH 245:
           that for the first time resource management and various other
           per-user settings can be configured in LDAP directories and then
           provided to systemd (specifically to systemd-logind and pam-system)
-          to apply on login. For further details see:
+          to enforce on log-in. For further details see:
 
           https://systemd.io/USER_RECORD
           https://systemd.io/GROUP_RECORD
           https://systemd.io/USER_GROUP_API
 
         * A small new service systemd-homed.service has been added, that may be
-          used to securely manage home directories with built-in encryption.
+          used to securely manage home directories, with built-in encryption
-          The complete user record data is unified with the home directory,
+          and unifying the user's own home directory data together with
-          thus making home directories naturally migratable. Its primary
+          complete user record data in a single place, thus making home
-          back-end is based on LUKS volumes, but fscrypt, plain directories,
+          directories naturally migratable. Its primary back-end is based on
-          and other storage schemes are also supported. This solves a couple of
+          LUKS volumes, but it also supports fscrypt, plain directories and
-          problems we saw with traditional ways to manage home directories, in
+          more. It solves a couple of problems we saw with traditional ways to
-          particular when it comes to encryption. For further discussion of
+          manage home directories, in particular when it comes to
-          this, see the video of Lennart's talk at AllSystemsGo! 2019:
+          encryption. For further discussion of this, see the video of
+          Lennart's talk at AllSystemsGo! 2019:
 
           https://media.ccc.de/v/ASG2019-164-reinventing-home-directories
 
@@ -65,49 +69,49 @@ CHANGES WITH 245:
 
         * systemd-journald is now multi-instantiable. In addition to the main
           instance systemd-journald.service there's now a template unit
-          systemd-journald@.service, with each instance defining a new named
+          systemd-journald@.service that can be instantiated multiple times,
-          log 'namespace' (whose name is specified via the instance part of the
+          each time defining a new named log 'namespace' (whose name is
-          unit name). A new unit file setting LogNamespace= has been added,
+          specified via the instance part of the instance unit name). A new
-          taking such a namespace name, that assigns services to the specified
+          unit file setting LogNamespace= has been added, taking such a
-          log namespaces. As each log namespace is serviced by its own
+          namespace name, that allows assigning services to such log
-          independent journal daemon, this functionality may be used to improve
+          namespaces. As each log namespace is serviced by its own, independent
-          performance and increase isolation of applications, at the price of
+          journal daemon this functionality may be use to improve performance
-          losing global message ordering. Each instance of journald has a
+          and increase isolation of applications, at the price of losing global
-          separate set of configuration files, with possibly different disk
+          message ordering. Each daemon may have a separate set of
-          usage limitations and other settings.
+          configuration files, with possibly different disk space settings and
-
+          such. journalctl has been updated to take a new option --namespace=
-          journalctl now takes a new option --namespace= to show logs from a
+          which allows viewing logs from a specific log namespace. The
-          specific log namespace. The sd-journal.h API gained
+          sd-journal.h API gained sd_journal_open_namespace() for opening the
-          sd_journal_open_namespace() for opening the log stream of a specific
+          log stream of a specific log namespace. systemd-journald also gained
-          log namespace. systemd-journald also gained the ability to exit on
+          the ability to exit on idle, which is useful in the context of log
-          idle, which is useful in the context of log namespaces, as this means
+          namespaces, as this means log daemons for log namespaces can be
-          log daemons for log namespaces can be activated automatically on
+          activated automatically on demand and stop automatically when no
-          demand and will stop automatically when no longer used, minimizing
+          longer used, minimizing resource usage.
-          resource usage.
 
         * When systemd-tmpfiles copies a file tree using the 'C' line type it
-          will now label every copied file according to the SELinux database.
+          will now implicitly label every copied file matching the SELinux
+          database.
 
         * When systemd/PID 1 detects it is used in the initrd it will now boot
           into initrd.target rather than default.target by default. This should
           make it simpler to build initrds with systemd as for many cases the
           only difference between a host OS image and an initrd image now is
-          the presence of the /etc/initrd-release file.
+          the /etc/initrd-release file that identifies the initrd as one.
 
         * A new kernel command line option systemd.cpu_affinity= is now
           understood. It's equivalent to the CPUAffinity= option in
           /etc/systemd/system.conf and allows setting the CPU mask for PID 1
-          itself and the default for all other processes.
+          itself and the default for all forked off processes.
 
-        * When systemd/PID 1 is reloaded (with systemctl daemon-reload or
+        * When systemd/PID 1 is reloaded (with systemctl daemon-reload or an
-          equivalent), the SELinux database is now reloaded, ensuring that
+          equivalent tool) the SELinux database is now reloaded, ensuring that
           sockets and other file system objects are generated taking the new
           database into account.
 
-        * The sd-event.h API gained native support for the new Linux "pidfd"
+        * The sd-event.h API now has native support for the new Linux "pidfd"
           concept. This permits watching processes using file descriptors
           instead of PID numbers, which fixes a number of races and makes
-          process supervision more robust and efficient. All of systemd's
+          process supervision more robust and more efficient. All of systemd's
           components will now use pidfds if the kernel supports it for process
           watching, with the exception of PID 1 itself, unfortunately. We hope
           to move PID 1 to exclusively using pidfds too eventually, but this
@@ -118,13 +122,13 @@ CHANGES WITH 245:
         * Closely related to this, the sd-event.h API gained two new calls
           sd_event_source_send_child_signal() (for sending a signal to a
           watched process) and sd_event_source_get_child_process_own() (for
-          marking a process so that it is killed automatically whenever the
+          marking a process so that it is killed implicitly whenever the event
-          event source watching it is freed).
+          source watching it is freed).
 
         * systemd-networkd gained support for configuring Token Bucket Filter
-          (TBF) parameters in its qdisc configuration support. Similarly,
+          (TBF) parameters in its qdisc configuration support. Similar, support
-          support for Stochastic Fairness Queuing (SFQ), Controlled-Delay
+          for Stochastic Fairness Queuing (SFQ), Controlled-Delay Active
-          Active Queue Management (CoDel), and Fair Queue (FQ) has been added.
+          Queue Management (CoDel), Fair Queueing (FQ) has been added.
 
         * systemd-networkd gained support for Intermediate Functional Block
           (IFB) network devices.
@@ -132,39 +136,40 @@ CHANGES WITH 245:
         * systemd-networkd gained support for configuring multi-path IP routes,
           using the new MultiPathRoute= setting in the [Route] section.
 
-        * systemd-networkd's DHCPv4 client has been updated to support a new
+        * systemd-networkd's DHCPv4 support has been updated to support a new
-          SendDecline= option. If enabled, duplicate address detection is done
+          SendDecline= option. If enabled duplicate address detection is done
-          after a DHCP offer is received from the server. If a conflict is
+          after a DHCP offer is received from a server. If a conflict is
-          detected, the address is declined. The DHCPv4 client also gained
+          detected the address is declined. The DHCPv4 support also gained
           support for a new RouteMTUBytes= setting that allows to configure the
           MTU size to be used for routes generated from DHCPv4 leases.
 
         * The PrefixRoute= setting in systemd-networkd's [Address] section of
           .network files has been deprecated, and replaced by AddPrefixRoute=,
-          with its sense inverted.
+          with it's sense inverted.
 
         * The Gateway= setting of [Route] sections of .network files gained
           support for a special new value "_dhcp". If set, the configured
           static route uses the gateway host configured via DHCP.
 
-        * New User= and SuppressPrefixLength= settings have been implemented
+        * A new User= setting has been implemented for the [RoutingPolicyRule]
-          for the [RoutingPolicyRule] section of .network files to configure
+          section of .network files for configuring source routing based on UID
-          source routing based on UID ranges and prefix length, respectively.
+          ranges.
 
-        * sd-bus gained a new API call sd_bus_message_sensitive() that marks a
+        * sd-bus gained a new API call sd_bus_message_sensitive() for marking a
-          D-Bus message object as "sensitive". Those objects are erased from
+          D-Bus message object as "sensitive". Objects that are marked that way
-          memory when they are freed. This concept is intended to be used for
+          are erased from memory when they are freed. This concept is intended
-          messages that contain security sensitive data. A new flag
+          to be used for messages that contain security sensitive data that
-          SD_BUS_VTABLE_SENSITIVE has been introduced as well to mark methods
+          should be erased after use. A new flag SD_BUS_VTABLE_SENSITIVE has
-          in sd-bus vtables, causing any incoming and outgoing messages of
+          been introduced as well that allows marking method calls in sd-bus
-          those methods to be implicitly marked as "sensitive".
+          vtables like this, so that this new message flag is implicitly set
+          for incoming and outgoing messages of specific methods.
 
         * sd-bus gained a new API call sd_bus_message_dump() for dumping the
-          contents of a message (or parts thereof) to standard output for
+          contents of a message (or parts thereof) onto standard output, for
           debugging purposes.
 
-        * systemd-sysusers gained support for creating users with the primary
+        * systemd-sysusers gained support for creating users with primary
-          group named differently than the user.
+          groups named differently than the user itself.
 
         * systemd-resolved's DNS-over-TLS support gained SNI validation.
 
@@ -173,8 +178,8 @@ CHANGES WITH 245:
           only ext4 and btrfs partitions.
 
         * The support for /etc/crypttab gained a new x-initrd.attach option. If
-          set, the specified encrypted volume is unlocked already in the
+          set the specified encrypted volume is unlocked in the initrd
-          initrd. This concept corresponds to the x-initrd.mount option in
+          already. This concept corresponds to the x-initrd.mount option in
           /etc/fstab.
 
         * systemd-cryptsetup gained native support for unlocking encrypted
@@ -189,41 +194,42 @@ CHANGES WITH 245:
 
         * The https://systemd.io/ web site has been relaunched, directly
           populated with most of the documentation included in the systemd
-          repository. systemd also acquired a new logo, thanks to Tobias
+          repository. In particular, systemd acquired a new logo, thanks to
-          Bernard.
+          Tobias Bernard.
 
         * systemd-udevd gained support for managing "alternative" network
           interface names, as supported by new Linux kernels. For the first
           time this permits assigning multiple (and longer!) names to a network
           interface. systemd-udevd will now by default assign the names
-          generated via all supported naming schemes to each interface. This
+          generated via all supported naming schemes to each interface in
-          may be further tweaked with .link files and the AlternativeName= and
+          parallel. This may be further tweaked with .link drop-in files, and
-          AlternativeNamesPolicy= settings. Other components of systemd have
+          the AlternativeName= and AlternativeNamesPolicy= settings. All other
-          been updated to support the new alternative names wherever
+          components of systemd have been updated to support the new
-          appropriate. For example, systemd-nspawn will now generate
+          alternative names too, wherever that is appropriate. For example,
-          alternative interface names for the host-facing side of container
+          systemd-nspawn will now generate alternative interface names for the
-          veth links based on the full container name without truncation.
+          host-facing side of container veth links based on the full container
+          name without truncation.
 
         * systemd-nspawn interface naming logic has been updated in another way
           too: if the main interface name (i.e. as opposed to new-style
-          "alternative" names) based on the container name is truncated, a
+          "alternative" names) is the truncated result of container name a
-          simple hashing scheme is used to give different interface names to
+          simple hashing scheme is used that ensures that multiple containers
-          multiple containers whose names all begin with the same prefix. Since
+          whose name all begin the same are likely resulting in different
-          this changes the primary interface names pointing to containers if
+          interface names. Since this changes the primary interface names
-          truncation happens, the old scheme may still be requested by
+          pointing to containers if truncation happens the old scheme may still
-          selecting an older naming scheme, via the net.naming-scheme= kernel
+          be requested by selecting a different naming scheme than the v245
-          command line option.
+          one, via the net.naming-scheme= kernel command line option.
 
         * PrivateUsers= in service files now works in services run by the
           systemd --user per-user instance of the service manager.
 
         * A new per-service sandboxing option ProtectClock= has been added that
           locks down write access to the system clock. It takes away device
-          node access to /dev/rtc as well as the system calls that set the
+          node access to /dev/rtc as well as the system calls that allow to set
-          system clock and the CAP_SYS_TIME and CAP_WAKE_ALARM capabilities.
+          the system clock. It also removes the CAP_SYS_TIME and CAP_WAKE_ALARM
-          Note that this option does not affect access to auxiliary services
+          capabilities. Note that this option does not affect access to
-          that allow changing the clock, for example access to
+          auxiliary services that allow changing the clock, for example access
-          systemd-timedated.
+          to systemd-timedated.
 
         * The systemd-id128 tool gained a new "show" verb for listing or
           resolving a number of well-known UUIDs/128bit IDs, currently mostly
@@ -246,54 +252,20 @@ CHANGES WITH 245:
         * networkctl gained support for showing per-interface logs in its
           "status" output.
 
-        * systemd-networkd-wait-online gain support for specifying the maximum
-          operational state to wait for, and to wait for interfaces to
-          disappear.
-
         * The [Match] section of .link and .network files now supports a new
           option PermanentMACAddress= which may be used to check against the
           permanent MAC address of a network device even if a randomized MAC
           address is used.
 
-        * The [TrafficControlQueueingDiscipline] section in .network files has
+        * systemd-logind will now validate access to the operation for changing
-          been renamed to [NetworkEmulator] with the "NetworkEmulator" prefix
+          virtual terminals via a PolicyKit action. By default only users with
-          dropped from the individual setting names.
+          at least one session on a local VT will get access to the method call.
 
-        * Any .link and .network files that have an empty [Match] section (this
+        * When systemd sets up PAM sessions that invoked service processes shall
-          also includes empty and commented-out files) will now be
+          run in, the pam_setcred() API is now invoked, thus permitting PAM
-          rejected. systemd-udev and systemd-networkd started warning about
+          modules to set additional credentials for the processes.
-          such files in version 243.
 
-        * systemd-logind will now validate access to the operation of changing
+        …
-          the virtual terminal via a PolicyKit action. By default, only users
-          with at least one session on a local VT are granted permission.
-
-        * When systemd sets up PAM sessions that invoked service processes
-          shall run in, the pam_setcred() API is now invoked, thus permitting
-          PAM modules to set additional credentials for the processes.
-
-        Contributions from: AJ Bagwell, Andreas Rammhold, Anita Zhang, Ansgar
-        Burchardt, Antonio Russo, Arian van Putten, Ashley Davis, Bart Willems,
-        Bastien Nocera, Benjamin Dahlhoff, Charles (Chas) Williams, cheese1,
-        Chris Down, Christian Ehrhardt, Christian Göttsche, cvoinf, Daan De
-        Meyer, Daniele Medri, Daniel Rusek, Daniel Shahaf, dann frazier, Dan
-        Streetman, Dariusz Gadomski, David Michael, Dimitri John Ledkov,
-        Emmanuel Bourg, Evgeny Vereshchagin, ezst036, Felipe Sateler, Filipe
-        Brandenburger, Florian Klink, Franck Bui, Fran Dieguez, Frantisek
-        Sumsal, Greg "GothAck" Miell, Guilhem Lettron, Hans de Goede, HATAYAMA
-        Daisuke, Iain Lane, Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig), Jérémy Rosen, Jin
-        Park, Jun'ichi Nomura, Kai Krakow, Kevin Kuehler, Lennart Poettering,
-        Leonid Bloch, Leonid Evdokimov, lothrond, Luca Boccassi, Michael Biebl,
-        Mike Auty, Mike Gilbert, mtron, nabijaczleweli, Naïm Favier, Paul
-        Davey, Piotr Drąg, Rafa Couto, Raphael, rhn, Robert Scheck, Sascha
-        Dewald, Shengjing Zhu, Slava Kardakov, Spencer Michaels, splantefeve,
-        Stanislav Angelovič, Susant Sahani, Thomas Haller, Thomas Schmitt, Timo
-        Schlüßler, Timo Wilken, Tobias Bernard, Tobias Klauser, Tobias
-        Stoeckmann, Topi Miettinen, WataruMatsuoka, Wieland Hoffmann, Wilhelm
-        Schuster, xduugu, Yong Cong Sin, Yu Watanabe, Zach Smith, Zbigniew
-        Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zeyu DONG
-
-        – Warsaw, 2020-02-05
 
 CHANGES WITH 244:
 
@@ -7209,9 +7181,10 @@ CHANGES WITH 213:
         * A new fsck.repair= kernel option has been added to control
           how fsck shall deal with unclean file systems at boot.
 
-        * The (.ini) configuration file parser will now silently ignore
+        * The (.ini) configuration file parser will now silently
-          sections whose names begin with "X-". This may be used to maintain
+          ignore sections whose name begins with "X-". This may be
-          application-specific extension sections in unit files.
+          used to maintain application-specific extension sections in unit
+          files.
 
         * machined gained a new API to query the IP addresses of
           registered containers. "machinectl status" has been updated

TODO

@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ Features:
 
 * the a-posteriori stopping of units bound to units that disappeared logic
   should be reworked: there should be a queue of units, and we should only
-  enqueue stop jobs from a defer event that processes queue instead of
+  enqeue stop jobs from a defer event that processes queue instead of
   right-away when we find a unit that is bound to one that doesn't exist
   anymore. (similar to how the stop-unneeded queue has been reworked the same
   way)

man/networkctl.xml

@@ -69,12 +69,6 @@
 
         <para>The operational status is one of the following:
             <variablelist>
-              <varlistentry>
-                <term>missing</term>
-                <listitem>
-                    <para>the device is missing</para>
-                </listitem>
-              </varlistentry>
               <varlistentry>
                 <term>off</term>
                 <listitem>

man/rules/meson.build

@@ -195,7 +195,6 @@ manpages = [
    'sd_bus_open_user_with_description',
    'sd_bus_open_with_description'],
   ''],
- ['sd_bus_enqueue_for_read', '3', [], ''],
  ['sd_bus_error',
   '3',
   ['SD_BUS_ERROR_MAKE_CONST',

man/sd_bus_enqueue_for_read.xml

@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version='1.0'?>
-<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
-  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
-<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ -->
-
-<refentry id="sd_bus_enqueue_for_read"
-          xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
-
-  <refentryinfo>
-    <title>sd_bus_enqueue_for_read</title>
-    <productname>systemd</productname>
-  </refentryinfo>
-
-  <refmeta>
-    <refentrytitle>sd_bus_enqueue_for_read</refentrytitle>
-    <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
-  </refmeta>
-
-  <refnamediv>
-    <refname>sd_bus_enqueue_for_read</refname>
-
-    <refpurpose>Re-enqueue a bus message on a bus connection, for reading.</refpurpose>
-  </refnamediv>
-
-  <refsynopsisdiv>
-    <funcsynopsis>
-      <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-bus.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
-
-      <funcprototype>
-        <funcdef>int <function>sd_bus_enqueue_for_read</function></funcdef>
-        <paramdef>sd_bus *<parameter>bus</parameter></paramdef>
-        <paramdef>sd_bus_message *<parameter>message</parameter></paramdef>
-      </funcprototype>
-
-    </funcsynopsis>
-  </refsynopsisdiv>
-
-  <refsect1>
-    <title>Description</title>
-
-    <para><function>sd_bus_enqueue_for_read()</function> may be used to re-enqueue an incoming bus message on
-    the local read queue, so that it is processed and dispatched locally again, similar to how an incoming
-    message from the peer is processed. Takes a bus connection object and the message to enqueue. A reference
-    is taken of the message and the caller's reference thus remains in possession of the caller. The message
-    is enqueued at the end of the queue, thus will be dispatched after all other already queued messages are
-    dispatched.</para>
-
-    <para>This call is primarily useful for dealing with incoming method calls that may be processed only
-    after an additional asynchronous operation completes. One example are PolicyKit authorization requests
-    that are determined to be necessary to authorize a newly incoming method call: when the PolicyKit response
-    is received the original method call may be re-enqueued to process it again, this time with the
-    authorization result known.</para>
-  </refsect1>
-
-  <refsect1>
-    <title>Return Value</title>
-
-    <para>On success, this function return 0 or a positive integer. On failure, it returns a negative errno-style
-    error code.</para>
-
-    <refsect2>
-      <title>Errors</title>
-
-      <para>Returned errors may indicate the following problems:</para>
-
-      <variablelist>
-        <varlistentry>
-          <term><constant>-ECHILD</constant></term>
-
-          <listitem><para>The bus connection has been created in a different process.</para></listitem>
-        </varlistentry>
-      </variablelist>
-    </refsect2>
-  </refsect1>
-
-  <xi:include href="libsystemd-pkgconfig.xml" />
-
-  <refsect1>
-    <title>See Also</title>
-
-    <para>
-      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
-      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-bus</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
-      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_bus_send</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
-    </para>
-  </refsect1>
-
-</refentry>

man/systemd-networkd-wait-online.service.xml

@@ -47,16 +47,16 @@
 
     <variablelist>
       <varlistentry>
-        <term><option>-i</option> <replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable><optional>:<replaceable>MIN_OPERSTATE</replaceable><optional>:<replaceable>MAX_OPERSTATE</replaceable></optional></optional></term>
+        <term><option>-i</option> <replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable><optional>:<replaceable>OPERSTATE</replaceable></optional></term>
-        <term><option>--interface=</option><replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable><optional>:<replaceable>MIN_OPERSTATE</replaceable><optional>:<replaceable>MAX_OPERSTATE</replaceable></optional></optional></term>
+        <term><option>--interface=</option><replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable><optional>:<replaceable>OPERSTATE</replaceable></optional></term>
 
         <listitem><para>Network interface to wait for before deciding if the system is online. This
         is useful when a system has several interfaces which will be configured, but a particular
         one is necessary to access some network resources. When used, all other interfaces are ignored.
         This option may be used more than once to wait for multiple network interfaces. When this
         option is specified multiple times, then <command>systemd-networkd-wait-online</command> waits
-        for all specified interfaces to be online. Optionally, required minimum and maximum operational
+        for all specified interfaces to be online. Optionally, required minimum operational state can be
-        states can be specified after a colon <literal>:</literal>. Please see
+        specified after a colon <literal>:</literal>. Please see
         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>networkctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
         for possible operational states. If the operational state is not specified here, then
         the value from <varname>RequiredForOnline=</varname> in the corresponding
@@ -74,11 +74,11 @@
       </varlistentry>
 
       <varlistentry>
-        <term><option>-o</option> <replaceable>MIN_OPERSTATE</replaceable><optional>:<replaceable>MAX_OPERSTATE</replaceable></optional></term>
+        <term><option>-o</option> <replaceable>OPERSTATE</replaceable></term>
-        <term><option>--operational-state=</option><replaceable>MIN_OPERSTATE</replaceable><optional>:<replaceable>MAX_OPERSTATE</replaceable></optional></term>
+        <term><option>--operational-state=</option><replaceable>OPERSTATE</replaceable></term>
 
-        <listitem><para>Takes a minimum operational state and an optional maximum operational state.
+        <listitem><para>Takes an operational state. Please see
-        Please see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>networkctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>networkctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
         for possible operational states. If set, the specified value overrides
         <varname>RequiredForOnline=</varname> settings in <filename>.network</filename> files.
         But this does not override operational states specified in <option>--interface=</option> option.

man/systemd.network.xml

@@ -206,14 +206,13 @@
       <varlistentry>
         <term><varname>RequiredForOnline=</varname></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Takes a boolean or a minimum operational state and an optional maximum operational state.
+          <para>Takes a boolean or operational state. Please see
-          Please see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>networkctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>networkctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
           for possible operational states. When <literal>yes</literal>, the network is deemed required when
           determining whether the system is online when running
           <command>systemd-networkd-wait-online</command>. When <literal>no</literal>, the network is ignored
-          when checking for online state. When a minimum operational state and an optional maximum operational
+          when checking for online state. When an operational state is set, <literal>yes</literal> is implied,
-          state are set, <literal>yes</literal> is implied, and this controls the minimum and maximum
+          and this controls the operational state required for the network interface to be considered online.
-          operational state required for the network interface to be considered online.
           Defaults to <literal>yes</literal>.</para>
 
           <para>The network will be brought up normally in all cases, but in

man/systemd.special.xml

@@ -848,19 +848,20 @@
       <variablelist>
         <varlistentry>
           <term><filename>blockdev@.target</filename></term>
-          <listitem><para>This template unit is used to order mount units and other consumers of block
+          <listitem><para>This template unit may be used to order mount units and other consumers of block
-          devices after services that synthesize these block devices. In particular, this is intended to be
+          devices against services that synthesize these block devices. This is intended to be used to order
-          used with storage services (such as
+          storage services (such as
           <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
-          that allocate and manage a virtual block device. Storage services are ordered before an instance of
+          that allocate and manage a virtual block device against mount units and other consumers of
-          <filename>blockdev@.target</filename>, and the consumer units after it. The ordering is
+          it. Specifically, the storage services are supposed to be orderd before an instance of
-          particularly relevant during shutdown, as it ensures that the mount is deactivated first and the
+          <filename>blockdev@.target</filename>, and the mount unit (or other consuming unit, such as a swap
-          service backing the mount later. The <filename>blockdev@.target</filename> instance should be
+          unit) after it. The ordering is particular relevant during shutdown, as it ensures that the mount
-          pulled in via a <option>Wants=</option> dependency of the storage daemon and thus generally not be
+          is deactivated first and the service backing the mount only deactivated after that completed. The
-          part of any transaction unless a storage daemon is used. The instance name for instances of this
+          <filename>blockdev@.target</filename> instance should be pulled in via a <option>Wants=</option>
-          template unit must be a properly escaped block device node path, e.g.
+          dependency of the storage daemon and thus generally not be part of any transaction unless a storage
-          <filename>blockdev@dev-mapper-foobar.target</filename> for the storage device
+          daemon is used. The instance name for instances of this template unit is supposed to be the
-          <filename>/dev/mapper/foobar</filename>.</para></listitem>
+          properly escaped bock device node path, e.g. <filename>blockdev@dev-mapper-foobar.target</filename>
+          for a storage device <filename>/dev/mapper/foobar</filename>.</para></listitem>
         </varlistentry>
         <varlistentry>
           <term><filename>cryptsetup-pre.target</filename></term>

man/sysusers.d.xml

@@ -25,16 +25,6 @@
     <para><filename>/etc/sysusers.d/*.conf</filename></para>
     <para><filename>/run/sysusers.d/*.conf</filename></para>
     <para><filename>/usr/lib/sysusers.d/*.conf</filename></para>
-
-    <programlisting>
-#Type Name       ID                   GECOS                 Home directory Shell
-u     user_name  uid                  "User Description"    /path/to/shell
-u     user_name  uid:gid              -                     -
-u     user_name  /file/owned/by/user  -                     -
-g     group_name gid                  "Group Description"
-g     group_name /file/owned/by/group -
-m     user_name  group_name
-r     -          lowest-highest</programlisting>
   </refsynopsisdiv>
 
   <refsect1>
@@ -91,13 +81,11 @@ r     -          lowest-highest</programlisting>
 
     <programlisting>#Type Name     ID             GECOS                 Home directory Shell
 u     httpd    404            "HTTP User"
-u     _authd   /usr/bin/authd "Authorization user"
+u     authd    /usr/bin/authd "Authorization user"
 u     postgres -              "Postgresql Database" /var/lib/pgsql /usr/libexec/postgresdb
 g     input    -              -
-m     _authd   input
+m     authd    input
-u     root     0              "Superuser"           /root          /bin/zsh
+u     root     0              "Superuser"           /root          /bin/zsh</programlisting>
-r     -        500-900
-</programlisting>
 
     <para>Empty lines and lines beginning with the <literal>#</literal> character are ignored, and may be used for
     commenting.</para>
@@ -121,7 +109,7 @@ r     -        500-900
           <term><varname>g</varname></term>
           <listitem><para>Create a system group of the specified name
           should it not exist yet. Note that <varname>u</varname>
-          implicitly creates a matching group. The group will be
+          implicitly create a matching group. The group will be
           created with no password set.</para></listitem>
         </varlistentry>
 

meson.build

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
 
 project('systemd', 'c',
-        version : '245',
+        version : '244',
         license : 'LGPLv2+',
         default_options: [
                 'c_std=gnu99',
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ project('systemd', 'c',
         meson_version : '>= 0.46',
        )
 
-libsystemd_version = '0.28.0'
+libsystemd_version = '0.27.1'
-libudev_version = '1.6.17'
+libudev_version = '1.6.16'
 
 # We need the same data in two different formats, ugh!
 # Also, for hysterical reasons, we use different variable

src/libsystemd/libsystemd.sym

@@ -685,7 +685,6 @@ global:
 
 LIBSYSTEMD_245 {
 global:
-        sd_bus_enqueue_for_read;
         sd_bus_message_dump;
         sd_bus_message_sensitive;
         sd_event_add_child_pidfd;

src/libsystemd/sd-bus/sd-bus.c

@@ -4207,27 +4207,3 @@ _public_ int sd_bus_get_close_on_exit(sd_bus *bus) {
 
         return bus->close_on_exit;
 }
-
-_public_ int sd_bus_enqueue_for_read(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *m) {
-        int r;
-
-        assert_return(bus, -EINVAL);
-        assert_return(bus = bus_resolve(bus), -ENOPKG);
-        assert_return(m, -EINVAL);
-        assert_return(m->sealed, -EINVAL);
-        assert_return(!bus_pid_changed(bus), -ECHILD);
-
-        if (!BUS_IS_OPEN(bus->state))
-                return -ENOTCONN;
-
-        /* Re-enqueue a message for reading. This is primarily useful for PolicyKit-style authentication,
-         * where we accept a message, then determine we need to interactively authenticate the user, and then
-         * we want to process the message again. */
-
-        r = bus_rqueue_make_room(bus);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        bus->rqueue[bus->rqueue_size++] = bus_message_ref_queued(m, bus);
-        return 0;
-}

src/libsystemd/sd-network/network-util.c

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ bool network_is_online(void) {
 }
 
 static const char* const link_operstate_table[_LINK_OPERSTATE_MAX] = {
-        [LINK_OPERSTATE_MISSING]          = "missing",
         [LINK_OPERSTATE_OFF]              = "off",
         [LINK_OPERSTATE_NO_CARRIER]       = "no-carrier",
         [LINK_OPERSTATE_DORMANT]          = "dormant",
@@ -57,49 +56,3 @@ static const char* const link_address_state_table[_LINK_ADDRESS_STATE_MAX] = {
 };
 
 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(link_address_state, LinkAddressState);
-
-int parse_operational_state_range(const char *str, LinkOperationalStateRange *out) {
-        LinkOperationalStateRange range = { _LINK_OPERSTATE_INVALID, _LINK_OPERSTATE_INVALID };
-        _cleanup_free_ const char *min = NULL;
-        const char *p;
-
-        assert(str);
-        assert(out);
-
-        p = strchr(str, ':');
-        if (p) {
-                min = strndup(str, p - str);
-
-                if (!isempty(p + 1)) {
-                        range.max = link_operstate_from_string(p + 1);
-                        if (range.max < 0)
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                }
-        } else
-                min = strdup(str);
-
-        if (!min)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        if (!isempty(min)) {
-                range.min = link_operstate_from_string(min);
-                if (range.min < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-        }
-
-        /* Fail on empty strings. */
-        if (range.min == _LINK_OPERSTATE_INVALID && range.max == _LINK_OPERSTATE_INVALID)
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        if (range.min == _LINK_OPERSTATE_INVALID)
-                range.min = LINK_OPERSTATE_MISSING;
-        if (range.max == _LINK_OPERSTATE_INVALID)
-                range.max = LINK_OPERSTATE_ROUTABLE;
-
-        if (range.min > range.max)
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        *out = range;
-
-        return 0;
-}

src/libsystemd/sd-network/network-util.h

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 bool network_is_online(void);
 
 typedef enum LinkOperationalState {
-        LINK_OPERSTATE_MISSING,
         LINK_OPERSTATE_OFF,
         LINK_OPERSTATE_NO_CARRIER,
         LINK_OPERSTATE_DORMANT,
@@ -48,13 +47,3 @@ LinkCarrierState link_carrier_state_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
 
 const char* link_address_state_to_string(LinkAddressState s) _const_;
 LinkAddressState link_address_state_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
-
-typedef struct LinkOperationalStateRange {
-        LinkOperationalState min;
-        LinkOperationalState max;
-} LinkOperationalStateRange;
-
-#define LINK_OPERSTATE_RANGE_DEFAULT (LinkOperationalStateRange) { LINK_OPERSTATE_DEGRADED, \
-                                                                   LINK_OPERSTATE_ROUTABLE }
-
-int parse_operational_state_range(const char *str, LinkOperationalStateRange *out);

src/network/networkd-link.c

@@ -3957,14 +3957,8 @@ int link_save(Link *link) {
                 fprintf(f, "REQUIRED_FOR_ONLINE=%s\n",
                         yes_no(link->network->required_for_online));
 
-                fprintf(f, "REQUIRED_OPER_STATE_FOR_ONLINE=%s",
+                fprintf(f, "REQUIRED_OPER_STATE_FOR_ONLINE=%s\n",
-                        strempty(link_operstate_to_string(link->network->required_operstate_for_online.min)));
+                        strempty(link_operstate_to_string(link->network->required_operstate_for_online)));
-
-                if (link->network->required_operstate_for_online.max != LINK_OPERSTATE_RANGE_DEFAULT.max)
-                        fprintf(f, ":%s",
-                                strempty(link_operstate_to_string(link->network->required_operstate_for_online.max)));
-
-                fprintf(f, "\n");
 
                 if (link->dhcp6_client) {
                         r = sd_dhcp6_client_get_lease(link->dhcp6_client, &dhcp6_lease);

src/network/networkd-network.c

@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ int network_load_one(Manager *manager, OrderedHashmap **networks, const char *fi
                 .n_ref = 1,
 
                 .required_for_online = true,
-                .required_operstate_for_online = LINK_OPERSTATE_RANGE_DEFAULT,
+                .required_operstate_for_online = LINK_OPERSTATE_DEGRADED,
                 .dhcp = ADDRESS_FAMILY_NO,
                 .dhcp_critical = -1,
                 .dhcp_use_ntp = true,
@@ -1306,18 +1306,18 @@ int config_parse_required_for_online(
                 void *userdata) {
 
         Network *network = data;
-        LinkOperationalStateRange range;
+        LinkOperationalState s;
         bool required = true;
         int r;
 
         if (isempty(rvalue)) {
                 network->required_for_online = true;
-                network->required_operstate_for_online = LINK_OPERSTATE_RANGE_DEFAULT;
+                network->required_operstate_for_online = LINK_OPERSTATE_DEGRADED;
                 return 0;
         }
 
-        r = parse_operational_state_range(rvalue, &range);
+        s = link_operstate_from_string(rvalue);
-        if (r < 0) {
+        if (s < 0) {
                 r = parse_boolean(rvalue);
                 if (r < 0) {
                         log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r,
@@ -1327,11 +1327,11 @@ int config_parse_required_for_online(
                 }
 
                 required = r;
-                range = LINK_OPERSTATE_RANGE_DEFAULT;
+                s = LINK_OPERSTATE_DEGRADED;
         }
 
         network->required_for_online = required;
-        network->required_operstate_for_online = range;
+        network->required_operstate_for_online = s;
 
         return 0;
 }

src/network/networkd-network.h

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ struct Network {
         bool iaid_set;
 
         bool required_for_online; /* Is this network required to be considered online? */
-        LinkOperationalStateRange required_operstate_for_online;
+        LinkOperationalState required_operstate_for_online;
 
         LLDPMode lldp_mode; /* LLDP reception */
         LLDPEmit lldp_emit; /* LLDP transmission */

src/network/wait-online/link.c

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ int link_new(Manager *m, Link **ret, int ifindex, const char *ifname) {
                 .manager = m,
                 .ifname = TAKE_PTR(n),
                 .ifindex = ifindex,
-                .required_operstate = LINK_OPERSTATE_RANGE_DEFAULT,
+                .required_operstate = LINK_OPERSTATE_DEGRADED,
         };
 
         r = hashmap_put(m->links_by_name, l->ifname, l);
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ int link_update_rtnl(Link *l, sd_netlink_message *m) {
 
 int link_update_monitor(Link *l) {
         _cleanup_free_ char *operstate = NULL, *required_operstate = NULL, *state = NULL;
+        LinkOperationalState s;
         int r, ret = 0;
 
         assert(l);
@@ -120,21 +121,19 @@ int link_update_monitor(Link *l) {
         r = sd_network_link_get_required_operstate_for_online(l->ifindex, &required_operstate);
         if (r < 0)
                 ret = log_link_debug_errno(l, r, "Failed to get required operational state, ignoring: %m");
-        else if (isempty(required_operstate))
-                l->required_operstate = LINK_OPERSTATE_RANGE_DEFAULT;
         else {
-                r = parse_operational_state_range(required_operstate, &l->required_operstate);
+                s = link_operstate_from_string(required_operstate);
-                if (r < 0)
+                if (s < 0)
                         ret = log_link_debug_errno(l, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
                                                    "Failed to parse required operational state, ignoring: %m");
+                else
+                        l->required_operstate = s;
         }
 
         r = sd_network_link_get_operational_state(l->ifindex, &operstate);
         if (r < 0)
                 ret = log_link_debug_errno(l, r, "Failed to get operational state, ignoring: %m");
         else {
-                LinkOperationalState s;
-
                 s = link_operstate_from_string(operstate);
                 if (s < 0)
                         ret = log_link_debug_errno(l, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),

src/network/wait-online/link.h

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ struct Link {
         unsigned flags;
 
         bool required_for_online;
-        LinkOperationalStateRange required_operstate;
+        LinkOperationalState required_operstate;
         LinkOperationalState operational_state;
         char *state;
 };

src/network/wait-online/manager.c

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ static bool manager_ignore_link(Manager *m, Link *link) {
         return strv_fnmatch(m->ignore, link->ifname);
 }
 
-static int manager_link_is_online(Manager *m, Link *l, LinkOperationalStateRange s) {
+static int manager_link_is_online(Manager *m, Link *l, LinkOperationalState s) {
         /* This returns the following:
          * -EAGAIN: not processed by udev or networkd
          *       0: operstate is not enough
@@ -46,18 +46,13 @@ static int manager_link_is_online(Manager *m, Link *l, LinkOperationalStateRange
                 return log_link_debug_errno(l, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EAGAIN),
                                             "link is being processed by networkd");
 
-        if (s.min < 0)
+        if (s < 0)
-                s.min = m->required_operstate.min >= 0 ? m->required_operstate.min
+                s = m->required_operstate >= 0 ? m->required_operstate : l->required_operstate;
-                                                       : l->required_operstate.min;
 
-        if (s.max < 0)
+        if (l->operational_state < s) {
-                s.max = m->required_operstate.max >= 0 ? m->required_operstate.max
+                log_link_debug(l, "Operational state '%s' is below '%s'",
-                                                       : l->required_operstate.max;
-
-        if (l->operational_state < s.min || l->operational_state > s.max) {
-                log_link_debug(l, "Operational state '%s' is not in range ['%s':'%s']",
                                link_operstate_to_string(l->operational_state),
-                               link_operstate_to_string(s.min), link_operstate_to_string(s.max));
+                               link_operstate_to_string(s));
                 return 0;
         }
 
@@ -75,14 +70,9 @@ bool manager_configured(Manager *m) {
         if (!hashmap_isempty(m->interfaces)) {
                 /* wait for all the links given on the command line to appear */
                 HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(p, ifname, m->interfaces, i) {
-                        LinkOperationalStateRange *range = p;
+                        LinkOperationalState s = PTR_TO_INT(p);
 
                         l = hashmap_get(m->links_by_name, ifname);
-                        if (!l && range->min == LINK_OPERSTATE_MISSING) {
-                                one_ready = true;
-                                continue;
-                        }
-
                         if (!l) {
                                 log_debug("still waiting for %s", ifname);
                                 if (!m->any)
@@ -90,7 +80,7 @@ bool manager_configured(Manager *m) {
                                 continue;
                         }
 
-                        if (manager_link_is_online(m, l, *range) <= 0) {
+                        if (manager_link_is_online(m, l, s) <= 0) {
                                 if (!m->any)
                                         return false;
                                 continue;
@@ -112,9 +102,7 @@ bool manager_configured(Manager *m) {
                         continue;
                 }
 
-                r = manager_link_is_online(m, l,
+                r = manager_link_is_online(m, l, _LINK_OPERSTATE_INVALID);
-                                           (LinkOperationalStateRange) { _LINK_OPERSTATE_INVALID,
-                                                                         _LINK_OPERSTATE_INVALID });
                 if (r < 0 && !m->any)
                         return false;
                 if (r > 0)
@@ -301,7 +289,7 @@ static int manager_network_monitor_listen(Manager *m) {
 }
 
 int manager_new(Manager **ret, Hashmap *interfaces, char **ignore,
-                LinkOperationalStateRange required_operstate,
+                LinkOperationalState required_operstate,
                 bool any, usec_t timeout) {
         _cleanup_(manager_freep) Manager *m = NULL;
         int r;

src/network/wait-online/manager.h

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ struct Manager {
         Hashmap *interfaces;
         char **ignore;
 
-        LinkOperationalStateRange required_operstate;
+        LinkOperationalState required_operstate;
         bool any;
 
         sd_netlink *rtnl;
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ struct Manager {
 
 void manager_free(Manager *m);
 int manager_new(Manager **ret, Hashmap *interfaces, char **ignore,
-                LinkOperationalStateRange required_operstate,
+                LinkOperationalState required_operstate,
                 bool any, usec_t timeout);
 
 DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Manager*, manager_free);

src/network/wait-online/wait-online.c

@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ static bool arg_quiet = false;
 static usec_t arg_timeout = 120 * USEC_PER_SEC;
 static Hashmap *arg_interfaces = NULL;
 static char **arg_ignore = NULL;
-static LinkOperationalStateRange arg_required_operstate = { _LINK_OPERSTATE_INVALID, _LINK_OPERSTATE_INVALID };
+static LinkOperationalState arg_required_operstate = _LINK_OPERSTATE_INVALID;
 static bool arg_any = false;
 
-STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_interfaces, hashmap_free_free_freep);
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_interfaces, hashmap_free_free_keyp);
 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_ignore, strv_freep);
 
 static int help(void) {
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ static int help(void) {
                "  -h --help                 Show this help\n"
                "     --version              Print version string\n"
                "  -q --quiet                Do not show status information\n"
-               "  -i --interface=INTERFACE[:MIN_OPERSTATE[:MAX_OPERSTATE]]\n"
+               "  -i --interface=INTERFACE[:OPERSTATE]\n"
                "                            Block until at least these interfaces have appeared\n"
                "     --ignore=INTERFACE     Don't take these interfaces into account\n"
-               "  -o --operational-state=MIN_OPERSTATE[:MAX_OPERSTATE]\n"
+               "  -o --operational-state=OPERSTATE\n"
                "                            Required operational state\n"
                "     --any                  Wait until at least one of the interfaces is online\n"
                "     --timeout=SECS         Maximum time to wait for network connectivity\n"
@@ -52,28 +52,28 @@ static int help(void) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int parse_interface_with_operstate_range(const char *str) {
+static int parse_interface_with_operstate(const char *str) {
         _cleanup_free_ char *ifname = NULL;
-        _cleanup_free_ LinkOperationalStateRange *range;
+        LinkOperationalState s;
         const char *p;
         int r;
 
         assert(str);
 
-        range = new(LinkOperationalStateRange, 1);
-        if (!range)
-                return log_oom();
-
         p = strchr(str, ':');
         if (p) {
-                r = parse_operational_state_range(p + 1, range);
+                if (isempty(p + 1))
-                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
-                         log_error_errno(r, "Invalid operational state range '%s'", p + 1);
+                                               "Operational state is empty.");
+
+                s = link_operstate_from_string(p + 1);
+                if (s < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                               "Invalid operational state '%s'", p + 1);
 
                 ifname = strndup(optarg, p - optarg);
         } else {
-                range->min = _LINK_OPERSTATE_INVALID;
+                s = _LINK_OPERSTATE_INVALID;
-                range->max = _LINK_OPERSTATE_INVALID;
                 ifname = strdup(str);
         }
         if (!ifname)
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ static int parse_interface_with_operstate_range(const char *str) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return log_oom();
 
-        r = hashmap_put(arg_interfaces, ifname, TAKE_PTR(range));
+        r = hashmap_put(arg_interfaces, ifname, INT_TO_PTR(s));
         if (r < 0)
                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to store interface name: %m");
         if (r == 0)
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         return version();
 
                 case 'i':
-                        r = parse_interface_with_operstate_range(optarg);
+                        r = parse_interface_with_operstate(optarg);
                         if (r < 0)
                                 return r;
                         break;
@@ -152,14 +152,14 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         break;
 
                 case 'o': {
-                        LinkOperationalStateRange range;
+                        LinkOperationalState s;
 
-                        r = parse_operational_state_range(optarg, &range);
+                        s = link_operstate_from_string(optarg);
-                        if (r < 0)
+                        if (s < 0)
-                                return log_error_errno(r, "Invalid operational state range '%s'", optarg);
+                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
-
+                                                       "Invalid operational state '%s'", optarg);
-                        arg_required_operstate = range;
 
+                        arg_required_operstate = s;
                         break;
                 }
                 case ARG_ANY:

src/shared/bus-polkit.c

@@ -30,34 +30,6 @@ static int check_good_user(sd_bus_message *m, uid_t good_user) {
         return sender_uid == good_user;
 }
 
-#if ENABLE_POLKIT
-static int bus_message_append_strv_key_value(
-                sd_bus_message *m,
-                const char **l) {
-
-        const char **k, **v;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(m);
-
-        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "{ss}");
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(k, v, l) {
-                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "{ss}", *k, *v);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-        }
-
-        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        return r;
-}
-#endif
-
 int bus_test_polkit(
                 sd_bus_message *call,
                 int capability,
@@ -65,7 +37,7 @@ int bus_test_polkit(
                 const char **details,
                 uid_t good_user,
                 bool *_challenge,
-                sd_bus_error *ret_error) {
+                sd_bus_error *e) {
 
         int r;
 
@@ -88,7 +60,7 @@ int bus_test_polkit(
                 _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *request = NULL;
                 _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
                 int authorized = false, challenge = false;
-                const char *sender;
+                const char *sender, **k, **v;
 
                 sender = sd_bus_message_get_sender(call);
                 if (!sender)
@@ -112,7 +84,17 @@ int bus_test_polkit(
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
-                r = bus_message_append_strv_key_value(request, details);
+                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(request, 'a', "{ss}");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(k, v, details) {
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append(request, "{ss}", *k, *v);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(request);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
@@ -120,11 +102,11 @@ int bus_test_polkit(
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
-                r = sd_bus_call(call->bus, request, 0, ret_error, &reply);
+                r = sd_bus_call(call->bus, request, 0, e, &reply);
                 if (r < 0) {
                         /* Treat no PK available as access denied */
-                        if (sd_bus_error_has_name(ret_error, SD_BUS_ERROR_SERVICE_UNKNOWN)) {
+                        if (sd_bus_error_has_name(e, SD_BUS_ERROR_SERVICE_UNKNOWN)) {
-                                sd_bus_error_free(ret_error);
+                                sd_bus_error_free(e);
                                 return -EACCES;
                         }
 
@@ -155,17 +137,15 @@ int bus_test_polkit(
 #if ENABLE_POLKIT
 
 typedef struct AsyncPolkitQuery {
-        char *action;
-        char **details;
-
         sd_bus_message *request, *reply;
+        sd_bus_message_handler_t callback;
+        void *userdata;
         sd_bus_slot *slot;
-
         Hashmap *registry;
-        sd_event_source *defer_event_source;
 } AsyncPolkitQuery;
 
 static void async_polkit_query_free(AsyncPolkitQuery *q) {
+
         if (!q)
                 return;
 
@@ -177,72 +157,32 @@ static void async_polkit_query_free(AsyncPolkitQuery *q) {
         sd_bus_message_unref(q->request);
         sd_bus_message_unref(q->reply);
 
-        free(q->action);
-        strv_free(q->details);
-
-        sd_event_source_disable_unref(q->defer_event_source);
         free(q);
 }
 
-static int async_polkit_defer(sd_event_source *s, void *userdata) {
-        AsyncPolkitQuery *q = userdata;
-
-        assert(s);
-
-        /* This is called as idle event source after we processed the async polkit reply, hopefully after the
-         * method call we re-enqueued has been properly processed. */
-
-        async_polkit_query_free(q);
-        return 0;
-}
-
 static int async_polkit_callback(sd_bus_message *reply, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error_buffer = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
         AsyncPolkitQuery *q = userdata;
         int r;
 
         assert(reply);
         assert(q);
 
-        assert(q->slot);
         q->slot = sd_bus_slot_unref(q->slot);
-
-        assert(!q->reply);
         q->reply = sd_bus_message_ref(reply);
 
-        /* Now, let's dispatch the original message a second time be re-enqueing. This will then traverse the
-         * whole message processing again, and thus re-validating and re-retrieving the "userdata" field
-         * again.
-         *
-         * We install an idle event loop event to clean-up the PolicyKit request data when we are idle again,
-         * i.e. after the second time the message is processed is complete. */
-
-        assert(!q->defer_event_source);
-        r = sd_event_add_defer(sd_bus_get_event(sd_bus_message_get_bus(reply)), &q->defer_event_source, async_polkit_defer, q);
-        if (r < 0)
-                goto fail;
-
-        r = sd_event_source_set_priority(q->defer_event_source, SD_EVENT_PRIORITY_IDLE);
-        if (r < 0)
-                goto fail;
-
-        r = sd_event_source_set_enabled(q->defer_event_source, SD_EVENT_ONESHOT);
-        if (r < 0)
-                goto fail;
-
         r = sd_bus_message_rewind(q->request, true);
-        if (r < 0)
+        if (r < 0) {
-                goto fail;
+                r = sd_bus_reply_method_errno(q->request, r, NULL);
+                goto finish;
+        }
 
-        r = sd_bus_enqueue_for_read(sd_bus_message_get_bus(q->request), q->request);
+        r = q->callback(q->request, q->userdata, &error_buffer);
-        if (r < 0)
+        r = bus_maybe_reply_error(q->request, r, &error_buffer);
-                goto fail;
 
-        return 1;
+finish:
-
-fail:
-        log_debug_errno(r, "Processing asynchronous PolicyKit reply failed, ignoring: %m");
-        (void) sd_bus_reply_method_errno(q->request, r, NULL);
         async_polkit_query_free(q);
+
         return r;
 }
 
@@ -256,14 +196,16 @@ int bus_verify_polkit_async(
                 bool interactive,
                 uid_t good_user,
                 Hashmap **registry,
-                sd_bus_error *ret_error) {
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
 
 #if ENABLE_POLKIT
         _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *pk = NULL;
         AsyncPolkitQuery *q;
+        const char *sender, **k, **v;
+        sd_bus_message_handler_t callback;
+        void *userdata;
         int c;
 #endif
-        const char *sender;
         int r;
 
         assert(call);
@@ -279,17 +221,11 @@ int bus_verify_polkit_async(
         if (q) {
                 int authorized, challenge;
 
-                /* This is the second invocation of this function, and there's already a response from
+                /* This is the second invocation of this function, and
-                 * polkit, let's process it */
+                 * there's already a response from polkit, let's
+                 * process it */
                 assert(q->reply);
 
-                /* If the operation we want to authenticate changed between the first and the second time,
-                 * let's not use this authentication, it might be out of date as the object and context we
-                 * operate on might have changed. */
-                if (!streq(q->action, action) ||
-                    !strv_equal(q->details, (char**) details))
-                        return -ESTALE;
-
                 if (sd_bus_message_is_method_error(q->reply, NULL)) {
                         const sd_bus_error *e;
 
@@ -301,7 +237,7 @@ int bus_verify_polkit_async(
                                 return -EACCES;
 
                         /* Copy error from polkit reply */
-                        sd_bus_error_copy(ret_error, e);
+                        sd_bus_error_copy(error, e);
                         return -sd_bus_error_get_errno(e);
                 }
 
@@ -315,7 +251,7 @@ int bus_verify_polkit_async(
                         return 1;
 
                 if (challenge)
-                        return sd_bus_error_set(ret_error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INTERACTIVE_AUTHORIZATION_REQUIRED, "Interactive authentication required.");
+                        return sd_bus_error_set(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INTERACTIVE_AUTHORIZATION_REQUIRED, "Interactive authentication required.");
 
                 return -EACCES;
         }
@@ -327,11 +263,20 @@ int bus_verify_polkit_async(
         else if (r > 0)
                 return 1;
 
+#if ENABLE_POLKIT
+        if (sd_bus_get_current_message(call->bus) != call)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        callback = sd_bus_get_current_handler(call->bus);
+        if (!callback)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        userdata = sd_bus_get_current_userdata(call->bus);
+
         sender = sd_bus_message_get_sender(call);
         if (!sender)
                 return -EBADMSG;
 
-#if ENABLE_POLKIT
         c = sd_bus_message_get_allow_interactive_authorization(call);
         if (c < 0)
                 return c;
@@ -360,7 +305,17 @@ int bus_verify_polkit_async(
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        r = bus_message_append_strv_key_value(pk, details);
+        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(pk, 'a', "{ss}");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(k, v, details) {
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(pk, "{ss}", *k, *v);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(pk);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
@@ -368,25 +323,13 @@ int bus_verify_polkit_async(
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        q = new(AsyncPolkitQuery, 1);
+        q = new0(AsyncPolkitQuery, 1);
         if (!q)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
-        *q = (AsyncPolkitQuery) {
+        q->request = sd_bus_message_ref(call);
-                .request = sd_bus_message_ref(call),
+        q->callback = callback;
-        };
+        q->userdata = userdata;
-
-        q->action = strdup(action);
-        if (!q->action) {
-                async_polkit_query_free(q);
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        q->details = strv_copy((char**) details);
-        if (!q->details) {
-                async_polkit_query_free(q);
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
 
         r = hashmap_put(*registry, call, q);
         if (r < 0) {

src/systemd/sd-bus.h

@@ -207,7 +207,6 @@ int sd_bus_process(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **r);
 int sd_bus_process_priority(sd_bus *bus, int64_t max_priority, sd_bus_message **r);
 int sd_bus_wait(sd_bus *bus, uint64_t timeout_usec);
 int sd_bus_flush(sd_bus *bus);
-int sd_bus_enqueue_for_read(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *m);
 
 sd_bus_slot* sd_bus_get_current_slot(sd_bus *bus);
 sd_bus_message* sd_bus_get_current_message(sd_bus *bus);

test/test-execute/exec-capabilityboundingset-invert.service

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 Description=Test for CapabilityBoundingSet
 
 [Service]
-# sed: remove dropped capabilities (cap_xxx-[epi]) from the output
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c '! capsh --print | grep "^Bounding set .*cap_chown"'
-ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c '! capsh --print | sed -r "s/[^ ]+?\-[epi]+//g" | grep "^Bounding set .*cap_chown"'
 Type=oneshot
 CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_CHOWN

test/test-execute/exec-privatedevices-no-capability-mknod.service

@@ -3,6 +3,5 @@ Description=Test CAP_MKNOD capability for PrivateDevices=no
 
 [Service]
 PrivateDevices=no
-# sed: remove dropped capabilities (cap_xxx-[epi]) from the output
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c 'capsh --print | grep cap_mknod'
-ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c 'capsh --print | sed -r "s/[^ ]+?\-[epi]+//g" | grep cap_mknod'
 Type=oneshot

test/test-execute/exec-privatedevices-no-capability-sys-rawio.service

@@ -3,6 +3,5 @@ Description=Test CAP_SYS_RAWIO capability for PrivateDevices=no
 
 [Service]
 PrivateDevices=no
-# sed: remove dropped capabilities (cap_xxx-[epi]) from the output
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c 'capsh --print | grep cap_sys_rawio'
-ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c 'capsh --print | sed -r "s/[^ ]+?\-[epi]+//g" | grep cap_sys_rawio'
 Type=oneshot

test/test-execute/exec-privatedevices-yes-capability-mknod.service

@@ -3,6 +3,5 @@ Description=Test CAP_MKNOD capability for PrivateDevices=yes
 
 [Service]
 PrivateDevices=yes
-# sed: remove dropped capabilities (cap_xxx-[epi]) from the output
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c '! capsh --print | grep cap_mknod'
-ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c '! capsh --print | sed -r "s/[^ ]+?\-[epi]+//g" | grep cap_mknod'
 Type=oneshot

test/test-execute/exec-privatedevices-yes-capability-sys-rawio.service

@@ -3,6 +3,5 @@ Description=Test CAP_SYS_RAWIO capability for PrivateDevices=yes
 
 [Service]
 PrivateDevices=yes
-# sed: remove dropped capabilities (cap_xxx-[epi]) from the output
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c '! capsh --print | grep cap_sys_rawio'
-ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c '! capsh --print | sed -r "s/[^ ]+?\-[epi]+//g" | grep cap_sys_rawio'
 Type=oneshot

test/test-execute/exec-protectkernellogs-no-capabilities.service

@@ -3,6 +3,5 @@ Description=Test CAP_SYSLOG for ProtectKernelLogs=no
 
 [Service]
 ProtectKernelLogs=no
-# sed: remove dropped capabilities (cap_xxx-[epi]) from the output
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c 'capsh --print | grep cap_syslog'
-ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c 'capsh --print | sed -r "s/[^ ]+?\-[epi]+//g" | grep cap_syslog'
 Type=oneshot

test/test-execute/exec-protectkernellogs-yes-capabilities.service

@@ -3,6 +3,5 @@ Description=Test CAP_SYSLOG for ProtectKernelLogs=yes
 
 [Service]
 ProtectKernelLogs=yes
-# sed: remove dropped capabilities (cap_xxx-[epi]) from the output
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c '! capsh --print | grep cap_syslog'
-ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c '! capsh --print | sed -r "s/[^ ]+?\-[epi]+//g" | grep cap_syslog'
 Type=oneshot

test/test-execute/exec-protectkernelmodules-no-capabilities.service

@@ -3,6 +3,5 @@ Description=Test CAP_SYS_MODULE ProtectKernelModules=no
 
 [Service]
 ProtectKernelModules=no
-# sed: remove dropped capabilities (cap_xxx-[epi]) from the output
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c 'capsh --print | grep cap_sys_module'
-ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c 'capsh --print | sed -r "s/[^ ]+?\-[epi]+//g" | grep cap_sys_module'
 Type=oneshot

test/test-execute/exec-protectkernelmodules-yes-capabilities.service

@@ -3,6 +3,5 @@ Description=Test CAP_SYS_MODULE for ProtectKernelModules=yes
 
 [Service]
 ProtectKernelModules=yes
-# sed: remove dropped capabilities (cap_xxx-[epi]) from the output
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c '! capsh --print | grep cap_sys_module'
-ExecStart=/bin/sh -x -c '! capsh --print | sed -r "s/[^ ]+?\-[epi]+//g" | grep cap_sys_module'
 Type=oneshot

test/test-network/systemd-networkd-tests.py

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ which_paths=':'.join(systemd_lib_paths + os.getenv('PATH', os.defpath).lstrip(':
 
 networkd_bin=shutil.which('systemd-networkd', path=which_paths)
 resolved_bin=shutil.which('systemd-resolved', path=which_paths)
-udevd_bin=shutil.which('systemd-udevd', path=which_paths)
 wait_online_bin=shutil.which('systemd-networkd-wait-online', path=which_paths)
 networkctl_bin=shutil.which('networkctl', path=which_paths)
 resolvectl_bin=shutil.which('resolvectl', path=which_paths)
@@ -165,7 +164,7 @@ def setUpModule():
     shutil.rmtree(networkd_ci_path)
     copytree(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'conf'), networkd_ci_path)
 
-    for u in ['systemd-networkd.socket', 'systemd-networkd.service', 'systemd-resolved.service', 'systemd-udevd.service', 'firewalld.service']:
+    for u in ['systemd-networkd.socket', 'systemd-networkd.service', 'systemd-resolved.service', 'firewalld.service']:
         if call(f'systemctl is-active --quiet {u}') == 0:
             check_output(f'systemctl stop {u}')
             running_units.append(u)
@@ -227,34 +226,21 @@ def setUpModule():
     with open('/run/systemd/system/systemd-resolved.service.d/00-override.conf', mode='w') as f:
         f.write('\n'.join(drop_in))
 
-    drop_in = [
-        '[Service]',
-        'ExecStart=',
-        'ExecStart=!!' + udevd_bin,
-    ]
-
-    os.makedirs('/run/systemd/system/systemd-udevd.service.d', exist_ok=True)
-    with open('/run/systemd/system/systemd-udevd.service.d/00-override.conf', mode='w') as f:
-        f.write('\n'.join(drop_in))
-
     check_output('systemctl daemon-reload')
     print(check_output('systemctl cat systemd-networkd.service'))
     print(check_output('systemctl cat systemd-resolved.service'))
-    print(check_output('systemctl cat systemd-udevd.service'))
     check_output('systemctl restart systemd-resolved')
-    check_output('systemctl restart systemd-udevd')
 
 def tearDownModule():
     global running_units
 
     shutil.rmtree(networkd_ci_path)
 
-    for u in ['systemd-networkd.service', 'systemd-resolved.service', 'systemd-udevd.service']:
+    for u in ['systemd-networkd.service', 'systemd-resolved.service']:
         check_output(f'systemctl stop {u}')
 
     shutil.rmtree('/run/systemd/system/systemd-networkd.service.d')
     shutil.rmtree('/run/systemd/system/systemd-resolved.service.d')
-    shutil.rmtree('/run/systemd/system/systemd-udevd.service.d')
     check_output('systemctl daemon-reload')
 
     for u in running_units:
@@ -3582,7 +3568,6 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     parser.add_argument('--build-dir', help='Path to build dir', dest='build_dir')
     parser.add_argument('--networkd', help='Path to systemd-networkd', dest='networkd_bin')
     parser.add_argument('--resolved', help='Path to systemd-resolved', dest='resolved_bin')
-    parser.add_argument('--udevd', help='Path to systemd-udevd', dest='udevd_bin')
     parser.add_argument('--wait-online', help='Path to systemd-networkd-wait-online', dest='wait_online_bin')
     parser.add_argument('--networkctl', help='Path to networkctl', dest='networkctl_bin')
     parser.add_argument('--resolvectl', help='Path to resolvectl', dest='resolvectl_bin')
@@ -3595,11 +3580,10 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     ns, args = parser.parse_known_args(namespace=unittest)
 
     if ns.build_dir:
-        if ns.networkd_bin or ns.resolved_bin or ns.udevd_bin or ns.wait_online_bin or ns.networkctl_bin or ns.resolvectl_bin or ns.timedatectl_bin:
+        if ns.networkd_bin or ns.resolved_bin or ns.wait_online_bin or ns.networkctl_bin or ns.resolvectl_bin or ns.timedatectl_bin:
             print('WARNING: --networkd, --resolved, --wait-online, --networkctl, --resolvectl, or --timedatectl options are ignored when --build-dir is specified.')
         networkd_bin = os.path.join(ns.build_dir, 'systemd-networkd')
         resolved_bin = os.path.join(ns.build_dir, 'systemd-resolved')
-        udevd_bin = os.path.join(ns.build_dir, 'systemd-udevd')
         wait_online_bin = os.path.join(ns.build_dir, 'systemd-networkd-wait-online')
         networkctl_bin = os.path.join(ns.build_dir, 'networkctl')
         resolvectl_bin = os.path.join(ns.build_dir, 'resolvectl')
@@ -3609,8 +3593,6 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
             networkd_bin = ns.networkd_bin
         if ns.resolved_bin:
             resolved_bin = ns.resolved_bin
-        if ns.udevd_bin:
-            udevd_bin = ns.udevd_bin
         if ns.wait_online_bin:
             wait_online_bin = ns.wait_online_bin
         if ns.networkctl_bin: